The only photo of the leader named siʔaɬ whose name was transcribed as Seattle

The history of confirmed human settlements on the site of Seattle is counting from the second century B.C. On the site of the present industrial district of Seattle in the VI century B.C. there were settlements of the tribe of Duwamish, known as the "house of sterlyadi" (the Lucucidski: "tohl-AHL-tu") and "where the horse shellfish live" (lushuqid: "Hah-AH-Pus"). At the time of the Denny group's arrival in Elliot Bay there were seventeen indigenous villages of the Duwamish tribe.

The first white settlers were the Collins group, which attempted to erect a site at the mouth of the Duwamish River on 14 September 1851. However, although they were the first in the plot, the land was able to record the Denny's scouts, which happened on September 28, 1851. In response, Scouts Chief David Denny sent a message to Portland, where the rest of the team were located, urging them to visit the site as soon as possible and together. This happened on November 15, when a group led by Arthur Denny came across the ocean and found a sick David and an unfinished winter house. The settlement was named Alkai Point.

After the first winter, marked by heavy downpours and strong winds, almost the entire Danny group moved to a new location called Duwamps or Dewamps Dewamps ). The settlers who remained in the old place renamed their village to New York Alkai. Over the next few years, two villages competed for the main settlement, but in the end, Duwamps won. Since 1853, Duwamps co-founder David Maynard has campaigned for Duwamps's name to Seattle, in recognition of Chief Siatl, a leading supporter of North West American Indian collaboration with white colonists. The campaign paid off quite soon, in 1855 the settlement was given the status of a city named Seattle.

Main events in the history of the city

Police are against protesters during the 1999 WTO conference.

• The anti-Chinese pogroms of 1885-1886 against the cheap Chinese labor force.
• The Great Fire of 1889, which destroyed the whole business center of the city, but did not destroy a single life.
• The Golden Fever, in which Seattle played the role of an important transport route.
• Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Expo 1909, a fair of achievements of the North-West Pacific region.
• The 1919 strike, which covered most trade unions and about 65,000 workers. One of the slogans of the strike was "Russia did it," in a positive sense, implying the expansion of rights and freedoms for its working class, the revolution, and the elimination of the capitalist system.
• World exhibition, also known as "Expo XXI Century" of 1962. It was in this context that Space Needle was built.
• The Wa Mi massacre, a mass murder at the underground Wa Mi gaming club for the purpose of robbery in 1983. 13 killed and one survivor, two of the killers sentenced to life imprisonment and a third to 85 years.
• 1990 Goodwill Games.
• APEC Conference 1993.
• The 1999 WTO conference, marked by large-scale protests.
• Race unrest (mainly against the white population) during the 2001 Mardi Gra festival, one killed and 72 injured.
• Since 2012, Valve company organizes the annual tournament The International on Dota 2.
• From June 8 to July 1, 2020, during anti-racist protests, the Autonomous Zone of Capitol Hill (CHAZ), which is not under the control of the state authorities, was declared in the city.

History of the economic development of the city

Like most cities near vast natural resource endowments, Seattle's economic development has seen strong booms and busts. The first such boom, which actually began to develop Seattle, was the logging boom of the 1880s, which lasted until the early twentieth century.

Like much of the American West, Seattle was the scene of numerous conflicts between workers and managers, as well as ethnic conflicts, most notably the anti-China uprisings of 1885-86. These acts of violence were initiated by white unemployed residents who decided to expel Chinese people from Seattle altogether (similar uprisings also took place in the city of Tacoma). In 1900, Asian nationalities accounted for 4.2 per cent of the total population. Martial law was declared and federal troops were deployed to quell the riots. Despite this, the city's economic success was so significant that when the Great Fire of 1889 destroyed the central business district, a new, larger central district was built very quickly in its place. Washington Mutual, for example, was founded immediately after the fire. This construction boom was followed by the creation of a park system developed by the landscaping company of the Olmstead brothers. However, the crisis, called "Panic of 1893", had a significant negative impact on the city's development.

Seattle's second ascent was experienced during the Gold Rush, which began in 1896 and lasted for about a decade and a half. The Great Fire of 1889 came shortly before, when the entire city's business center was burnt, resulting in the establishment of Washington Mutual, the main purpose of which was to stabilize the situation economically in the region. In 1907, the company was founded, now known as UPS, one of the world's largest transportation and logistics companies. At the beginning of the last century other large American networks such as Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer were founded.

In Seattle, the Empresario Alexander Pantajes also started his activities. Since 1902, he has opened a number of cinemas in the city, where the silent cinema was shown. Soon the business began to flourish and the lucky Greek became one of America's most outstanding theatrical and cinema tycoons. Thanks to Pantages, and his rival John Considine, Seattle has for a while become the main pilgrimage destination for vaudeville lovers from all over the western US. Local architect of Scottish descent B. Marcus Prytek (B. Marcus Priteca) built movie theaters for Pantages in Seattle and some other American cities. Over time, the cinemas built in Seattle were either demolished or reused. But many of the cinemas still exist in other US cities called Pantages. The Paramount Theatre theater, which the architect worked on, was not owned by Pantages.

The basis for the next boom was the boom in the shipbuilding and real estate industry. Seattle served as a base for the departure of troops during World War II, and Boeing was the largest manufacturer of bombers for the US Air Force. Soon after the war ended, there was a downturn in development, but one marked by a new upsurge, thanks to Boeing. This upturn continued until the late 1960s, when the aircraft industry experienced a general crisis. It was in the 1960’s that the city was given the unofficial nickname "Jet City." Boeing was headquartered in Seattle until 2001, when it announced its intention to divide production and headquarters itself. Chicago is the new headquarters.

The last boom, which can be called a technology boom, started in the mid-1990s. At that time, many high-tech companies such as Microsoft, Amazon.com, RealNetworks, McCaw Cellular (now part of AT&T Mobility), VoiceStream were founded or experienced an upsurge in Seattle and its surroundings. A large number of medical research companies, such as HeartStream, Heart Technologies, Physio-Control, ZymoGenetics, ICOS and others, are also concentrated in the area. During the last decade of the twentieth century, the city's population increased by 50,000 in techno-corporations alone (excluding natural growth), and home prices reached one of the highest levels for the US.

Pike Place Market - famous Seattle seafront market

Seattle in twilight

Topography

Seattle lies between the Pacific Gulf of Pugget Sound in the west and Lake Washington in the east. The city's main port is located on the banks of Elliott Bay, which is part of the Pugetsound. To the west of this bay lies the Kitsap Peninsula, as well as the Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula. East of Lake Washington and the suburbs of Seattle are Sammamish Lake and Cascading Mountains. Areas suitable for sailing, skiing, cycling, camping and long walks are available for those wishing to go almost all year.

The city is located on a hilly terrain, but the landscape is not monotonous. Seattle, like Rome, is said to be located on seven hills: Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Bikon Hill, Queen Anna Hill, Magnolia Hill and Danny Hill. The Wallingford and Mount Baker areas are also located on hills. The hilly areas are located close to the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill and Bikon Hill forming something like a line along the isthmus between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The gap in the range between the First Hill and the Bikon Hill was made by people, the result of two of the many projects to change the Seattle landscape. The topography of the city center was also changed: a dam and the artificial island of Harbor was built at the mouth of the Duwamish River.

In the northern part of the city center, the Lake Washington Canal connects the Puget Sound with Lake Washington. It combines four aquatic arrays: Lake Union, Bay of Samon Bay, Bay of Portige Bay and Bay of Union Bay.

Seattle has earthquakes. On February 28, 2001 there was a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8. Some of the old buildings were damaged but no casualties were reported. Strong tremors were recorded on 26 January 1700 (magnetic 9.0), 14 December 1872 (magnetic 7.3 or 7.4) 13 April 1949 (7.1), 29 April 19 5 (6.5). Eight people died in the 1949 earthquake. In 1965, three people died directly because of the earthquake in Seattle, one died of a heart attack. The southern part of Seattle's center is being torn apart, but since the city was founded, neither he nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake. The Cascadia subduction zone is threatened with an earthquake of magnitude 9.0, which could cause serious destruction of the city.

Climate

Seattle has a mild sea climate. But there are characteristics of the Mediterranean climate: winter with high humidity and dry summer. The air temperature is not very high or very low due to the proximity of Pujet Saund, the Pacific Ocean and Lake Washington. The Olympic Mountains partially protect Seattle from Pacific storm winds, and the Cascading Mountains contain cold Arctic air. Although within the rainy shadow of the Olympic Mountains, Seattle has developed a reputation as a rainy city. This reputation is based on the amount of rainfall that falls in the autumn, winter, and early spring. On average, more than 0.3 mm of rainfall occurs 150 days a year. 201 days a year, we've got clouds, and another 93 days, we've got partial clouds. Seattle Tacoma International Airport, located 19 km south of the city center, is the place where weather and climate conditions are recorded. There are more cloud days and fewer days with partial cloud. For this reason, official climate data do not fully reflect real weather conditions in Seattle.

In fact, the city has less rainfall (944 mm) than the cities of New York (1201 mm), Atlanta (1290 mm), Boston (1055 mm), Baltimore (1038 mm) ), Portland (Maine) (1128 mm), Jacksonville (Florida) (1304 mm), and most other cities of the US East Coast.

Unexpectedly, Seattle was not included in the list of the top 10 cities with the most rainfall in the continental US. This is due to the dry summer months, which have an impact on the annual average, as well as the location of the city on the east coast of the Gulf, which provides less rainfall than other cities in the region. However, the overall trend is towards an increase in average annual rainfall, which has now reached 952 mm. Seattle recorded the largest rainfall in all US cities in November, with a population of more than 250,000. By this indicator, the city is in the top ten of such cities and in the winter months, but from June to September Seattle is at the bottom of the ranking. Seattle is the top five cities in the US with the most rainy days, and is the city with the least sunlight among major US cities. Thunderstorms are rare here; according to observations, only about seven days a year. By comparison, in Fort Myers, Fla., thunderstorms are recorded 93 days a year, in Kansas City, Missouri, 52 days, and in New York, 25 days.

It's mostly shallow rain here, but it's rare. Spring, late autumn and winter fall many days when it doesn't rain, but it seems that it can go, because the sky is covered with clouds. The winter is cool and humid, the temperature drops to 2-4°C at night. The lowest temperature was recorded on January 31, 1950, at -18°C. Summer in Seattle is dry and warm, day about 22.2-26.7 °C. The hottest temperature was recorded on July 29, 2009, at 39.5°C.

Heavy rains don't go so often in Seattle, but there are few exceptions. On December 2-4, 2007, strong, hurricane-like winds and heavy rainfall were observed in the region. Interstate 5 was hit by a landslide and was closed for almost two days. Precipitation exceeded 356 mm and the wind speed peaked at 209 km/h on the coast of Oregon. The event was the second largest flood in Seattle's history, with more than 130mm of rain in 24 hours. Five people were killed and large areas were flooded and destroyed.

Olympic Mountains are located 80 miles (130 km) west of Seattle. On the western side of the mountains is the territory of the National Park of Olympik, where in the Hoh Rain Forest area the average annual rainfall rate is 142 inches (361 cm). And 60 miles south of the capital city of Olympia, which is outside the rainy shadow zone, falls an average of 52 inches (132 cm) a year.

It usually snows in Seattle in winter, but heavy snowfalls are rare. The average annual amount of snow rainfall is 21 cm near Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. Since 1948, there have been only 15 days of snow in Seattle in one day, and since 17 February 1990, 17.2 cm of snow in Sea-Tac Airport has been the only time since 18 January 2012 . This day is officially considered the 12th most snowy since 1948 and the most snowy since November 1985. There is less snow in Seattle itself. To the south of Seattle, in the areas of Olympia and Chehalis, it falls from 36 to 46 centimeters of snow until noon. Between 12 and 25 December 2008, snow covered about 30 cm of snow from the roads. This caused large-scale difficulties in movement, as there was not enough snow-cleaning equipment in the city. A daily record of 51 cm of snow fell in Seattle was recorded on January 13, 1950. The strongest snowfall was recorded from January 5 to January 9, 1880, when the snowfall reached 1.8 m in some places. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, there was another heavy snowfall, the amount of rainfall reached 74 cm, accompanied by severe fatigue on the roads.

Dry sunny weather usually prevails from May to September. The average rainfall in July is 20 mm, and in August it is 25 mm. Summer showers are rare in this region.

The Puget Sound Convergence Zone atmospheric phenomenon is an important characteristic affecting the weather conditions of Seattle. In the convergence zone, the northern airflow meets the southern airflow. Both streams are formed in the Pacific Ocean and move towards the mountains of Olympic Mountains; the mountains divide the airflow in western Seattle, and then it reunites in the east. When the air flows meet again, they are pushed up and this leads to convection. Because of this phenomenon, the northern and southern parts of Seattle are rain-fed, while the city itself rarely rains, and only occasionally thunderstorms with thunder and hail. The only exception is the Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm that rained in December 2006, when a heavy downpour with a guzzling wind of up to 111 km/h was not caused by the Puget Sound Convergence Zone phenomenon.

During the El Niño atmospheric phenomenon, when warm sea waters that are not far from the surface shift south to California itself, the Puget Sound area is low on rainfall. Seattle is hardly a humid city in such periods. In the dry summer months, water supplies to the region come from snow-covered mountain peaks. During the El Niño season, there is a small amount of snow in winter, which is not enough for winter sports. But the bigger problem could be rationing water consumption and lack of hydropower next summer.

City districts

Seattle emerged as a city after joining smaller towns. On May 3, 1891, Magnolia, Wallingford, Green Lake, and University District (then known as Brooklyn) joined the city. On October 20, 1905, the city South Seattle was annexed. From 7 January to 12 September 1907, Seattle has almost doubled its territory by joining 6 separate towns and districts that were in King County, including Southeast Seattle, Ravenna, South Park, Columbia City, Ballard, and West Seattle. Three years later, due to problems with the $10,000 bill from the district, Georgetown became the district of Seattle. Seattle was finally formed on January 4, 1954, when the area between the streets of N was joined. 85th Street and N. 145th including nearby Pinehurst, Greenwood, Blue Ridge, Crown Hill, Broadview, Bitter Lake, Haller Lake, Maple Leaf, Lake City, View Ridge, and Northgate.

Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nikels is one of those people who call Seattle "the city of the neighborhood," though the boundaries (and even names) of the neighborhood are open for discussion. For example, a representative of the Department of Neighborhoods organization stated that the name of the district in which she lived had changed from 'CD' (Central District) to 'Madrona', then to 'Greater Madison Valley' and eventually to 'Madrona Park'.

More than a dozen Seattle districts have their own Neighborhood Service Centers, known in 1972 as "Little City Halls," and even hold their own street fairs and/or parades during the summer months. At the city's largest street fair, you can get acquainted with hundreds of folk crafts, try food from many tents, and take part in numerous outdoor activities. About 100,000 people attend the fair during the week. In addition, at least half a dozen districts have weekly agricultural markets, home to about 50 different vendors.

In addition, the Puget Sound Regional Council allocates some Seattle districts to so-called urban centers, defining them as "designated planned areas whose primary purpose is to provide accommodation, work, business and leisure in compact forms, providing conditions for transit, walking and cycling." These centers can be called the same as the districts, but do not coincide along the borders, for example, the Capitol Hill city center is much smaller than the entire area with the same name.

Attractions

Space Needle and the monument to Chief Siatl.

Fifth Avenue and entrance to the Central Library of Seattle, the main building of the library network of the city.

• Space Needle,
• Pike Plais Market is a famous market on Seattle's seafront.

Space Needle was built for the 1962 World Exhibition. This tower is the most recognizable attraction in the northwest Pacific coast of the United States and a symbol of Seattle. Her image can be found on the logos of the former NBA Seattle Super Sonic league team and the Seattle Saunders MLS league. The tower's image appeared in the Fraser TV show, in the background of the Dark Angel series, Anatomy of Passion, The Killing and iCarly, as well as in the films It happened at the world exhibition, Not Sleeping in Seat l, Twilight. Saga. Eclipse, Love happens and the Conspiracy "Parallax", 50 shades of gray. The tower is located on the grounds of the exhibition complex Seattle Center, which is the venue of many urban and cultural events, including the annual Bumbershoot, Folklife, and Bite of Seattle festivals. The Seattle Center plays an important role in the city's life, being both a venue for festivals and festivals and a municipal center. Although recent economic losses have called into question its usefulness and future existence. Monorail's Seattle Railway was also built for Century 21. The Seattle Center, the Westlake Center's central shopping and entertainment complex, is one mile away to the south-east.

Smith Tower was the tallest building on the entire western coast of the United States from its construction until 1962, when Space Needle was built. In 1985, the Columbia Center was built on 76 floors, the tallest building in the Pacific northwest of the United States, and the fourth highest building of the Mississippi River. In 1988, the Washington Mutual Tower (the second highest tower in Seattle) was built. Other significant Seattle sites: Pike Plais Market (and the wall of chewing gum next to it), Fremont Troll, the Museum of Music History and Science Fiction (in the Seattle Center) and Seattle Central Library.

Starbucks Cafe has been located on the Pike Place Market since its founding in 1971. The first store is still open, although it is a block south of its original location.

Starbucks Center, the company's head office, is Seattle's largest building with an area of more than 186,000 m².

More than 150 sights of Seattle have been registered in the National Register of Historical Places of the USA. The city also maintains its own list of attractions.

Other city names

From 1869 to 1982 Seattle was known as "Queen City" After the competition in 1981 and to this day the official nickname of the city is "Emerald City". evergreen forests. Seattle is also informally called "Gateway to Alaska," "Rain City," and "Jet City," with the last name Boeing. The Seattle region is also known as "206", according to the long-distance telephone code of the city. The locals are called Seattleites.

Performing arts

Seattle has long been considered a regional theater center. The 100-year-old symphony orchestra Seattle Symphony Orchestra is one of the world's most recorded orchestras, and is mainly performing at Benaroya Hall. The bodies Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which give performances at McCaw Hall (opened in 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House in the Seattle Center) are quite famous in the world. Opera is especially famous for its production of Richard Wagner, and PNB School (founded in 1974) is one of the top three ballet schools in the United States. Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras (SYSO) is America's largest symphonic youth organization. Seattle residents are also proud of the famous summer and winter cameramic music festivals organized by the Seattle Chamber Music Society.

The orchestra Seattle Symphony has performed on the stage of Benaroya Hall since 1998.

The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, features Broadway-style musicals featuring both local talent and world-class stars. Seattle has about 100 theater and production companies and more than twenty theater venues, many of which have avant-garde and experimental bands. Seattle may be second only to New York in the number of theaters that make up the Union of Actors (the city's 28 theater troupes have so-called union contract actors). In addition, in the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall in the First Hill area, there are numerous cultural events, especially often lectures and creative evenings.

Seattle is considered to be the home of grand music, which became popular worldwide in the early 1990s with bands like Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney. The city has presented to the world musicians of various directions, including Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz (avant-garde jazz), Glenn Crytzer (swing), Sir Mix-a-Lot rapper, jazz sako Kenny G, Heart, Queensrche, Demon Hunter, Metal Church, Nevermore, Himsa, and Sunn O)) and Harvey Danger, Goodness, and The pop rock band Presidents of the United States of America. Famous musicians Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, Nikki Sixx and Quincy Jones spent their years in Seattle.

Since the Grange era, Seattle has developed various influential alternative music trends. Sub Pop, the first to sign contracts with Nirvana and Soundgarden, was partnered with groups like Band of Horses, Modest Mouse, Murder City Devils, Sunny Day Real Estate, Death Cab for Cutie, The Postal Service, Iron & Wine , Flight of the Conchords, and Fleet Foxes. The city is known for a number of hip-hop performers, including Blue Scholars, Macklemore, Fresh Espresso, and Shabazz Palaces. In the 20th century, local groups of different musical styles were popular: The Brothers Four, a student folk group; popular in the 1960s with the garage band The Wailers, The Ventures instrumental rock group, Young Fresh Fellows and The Posies; pop punk group The Fastbacks; Sun City Girls; punk group The Fartz (later renamed 10 Minute Warning) and The Gits.

Many songs have been written about Seattle over the years.

Every year, a local team of colloquial masters takes part in the National Poetry Slam competition. Poets include Buddy Wakefield, twice the winner of Individual World Poetry Slam Champ; Anis Mojgani, the twice-winner of National Poetry Slam Champ; and Danny Sherrard, 2007 champion at National Poetry Slam Champ and 2008 at Individual World Poetry Slam Champ. In 2001, the national Poetry Slam Tournament competition was held in Seattle. At the biennial festival Seattle Poetry Festival (first held under the name of Poetry Circus in 1997), poets with local, regional, national and international recognition take part.

There are cinemas in the city that show both Hollywood films and independent film studios. Seattle Cinerama is one of three cinemas in the world that can still show widescreen films in the Sinerama format.

Media

According to 2010, Seattle's main daily is the Seattle Times. Newspaper Seattle Post-Intelligencer, also known as P-I, was released daily from 1863 until March 17, 2009, when it was fully translated into online versions. The city has a Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce and a newspaper called The Daily, produced by Washington University students during the school year. Significant weekly publications Seattle Weekly and The Stranger identify themselves as "alternative publications." The weekly street newspaper Real Change is sold mostly to the homeless as an alternative to begging. The city has several ethnic newspapers, such as Northwest Asian Weekly, and a number of district newspapers, including the North Seattle Journal.

Seattle has major U.S. radio and television stations, along with five other English and two Spanish-speaking stations. Residents can watch cable TV broadcast by CBUT 2 (CBC) from Vancouver.

The NPR KUOW-FM and KPLU-FM (Tacoma) non-profit radio stations broadcast on frequencies 94.9 and 88.5, respectively. Other radio stations include KEXP-FM 90.3 (branch of EMP), public radio KBCS-FM 91.3 (belonging to Bellevue College), and radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which belongs to the association of public schools and broadcasts Nathan Hale High School. The main format of this radio station is electronic dance music. Currently, most radio stations can be listened to online. KEXP radio station is considered the pioneer of this service. Seattle has a huge number of commercial radio stations. According to a study of consumer demand conducted by Arbitron in 2012, the FM broadcast leaders were KRWM (modern popular music for adults), KIRO-FM (information-chat format), and KISW (rock music). KOMO (AM) (news), KJR (AM) (sports format) and KIRO (AM) (sports format) are the main AM radio stations.

According to TIME magazine, local online publications Worldchanging and Grist.org were among the best environmental sites in the Top Green Websites rating in 2007.

All the latest news can be found on the Internet pages of local media, including the most famous, the Seattle Times and Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

Tourism

886,039 passengers visited Seattle during 2008 on 210 cruise ships.

Among Seattle's annual exhibitions and festivals, the most famous are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, the Northwest Folklife ethnic folklore festival, which takes place in Memorial Days, numerous Seafair events held during July-August ( from the Bon Odori dance festival to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle cooking festival, one of the largest gay parades in the United States Gay Pride, and the music and art festival Bumbershoot, which is in the program of early September Both music competitions and competitions in different types of arts and entertainment are included. As a rule, about 100,000 people attend each festival each year. Tourists also pay attention to the annual festival Seattle Hempfest and two separate celebrations of Independence Day.

Seattle is also hosting numerous folk celebrations of Pau-Wau, organized by local Native American communities, a Greek festival organized by St. Demetrios Greek Orthodox Church in Montlake, ethnic festivals (most of which are united under the common name Festál and take place in the Seattle Center).

The city's residents and tourists visit other interesting events that take place every year: exhibition of rare books and publications of the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; Sakura-Con anime festival; Exhibition dedicated to computer games Penny Arcade Expo; Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, a two-day rally attended by about 9,000 riders, and Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival, Northwest Asian-American Film Festival, Children's Film Festival Seattle, Translation: the Seattle Transgender Film Festival, Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and Seattle Polish Film Festival.

The first public art museum in Washington State Henry Art Gallery opened its doors in 1927. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) was built in 1933; Later, in 1991, SAM opened the doors of a new building in the central part of the city (which was expanded in 2007), and in its former building there is an exposition of the branch of the Seattle Museum of Asian Art (SAAM). Olympic Sculpture Park (opened in 2007) is a division of SAM and is located on the territory of the northern pier of the central seafront of Seattle. The Frye Art Museum on First Hill offers free entrance for visitors. Collections of the region's history can be found on Loghouse Museum in Alki, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Museum of History & Industry, and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. Collections related to various industries are exhibited at the Center for Wooden Boats and neighboring Northwest Seaport, Seattle Metropolitan Police Museum, and Museum of Flight. The Nordic Heritage Museum, Wing Luke Asian Museum and Northwest African American Museum Museums are worth visiting because of the ethnic regional exhibitions. Seattle also has several art galleries, such as the 10-year-old Soil Art Gallery and the recently opened Crawl Space Gallery.

In 1899, Woodland Park Zoo opened its doors in Seattle. At first it was a private collection of animals, which in the same 1899 was sold to the city. Since 1977, Seattle Aquarium has been working on the city's central quay (in 2006 it was reconstructed). And after a tour at the Seattle Underground Tour, you'll visit places that existed before the Great Fire of 1889. In June 2012, the Seattle Great Wheel, one of the largest Ferris Wheel in the United States, was opened at Pier 57 of Downtown Seattle, the city's central seafront. There are many public cultural recreation centers in the city - Rainier Beach, Van Asselt, Rainier, and Jefferson south of Ship Canal and Green Lake, Laurelhurst, Loyal north of Canal, and Meadowbrook.

Since the mid-1990’s, the maritime travel industry has experienced significant growth because Seattle is the starting point for passengers going on cruises to Alaska. In 2008, 886,039 travelers visited the city, significantly exceeding the number of passengers at another major port that sends tourists to Alaska, Vancouver.

Professional sports

Senchuri Link-field - Seattle Seahawks and Seattle Saunders home arena

Seifko-field - Seattle Mariners Home Arena

At the beginning of the 20th century in Seattle began development of professional sports. This happened in 1917 after PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup. There are currently three professional sports teams in Seattle, which are in the upper leagues: Seattle Seahawks in the National Football League, Seattle Mariners in the Main baseball league, and Seattle Saunders in Major League Soccer. The Seattle Storm women's basketball team is also based in the city, which twice became the champion of the Women's National Basketball Association in 2004 and 2010. From 1967 to 2008 in NBA Seattle was represented by the team "Seattle Supersonics" which in the season of 1978/79 won a title. After the 2007/08 season, the team moved to Oklahoma City and was renamed Oklahoma City Thunder. In 1969, Seattle Pailots was defending the city's honor in the Main baseball league. In 1970, the team moved to Milwaukee, where it began to perform under the new name "Milwaukee Brewers". Seattle Thunderburds is represented in one of Canada's top junior hockey leagues WHL (Western Hockey League). During the 2008/09 season, the team moved to the neighboring city of Kent, Washington. Seattle Saunders has been playing Major League Soccer since 2009. From 2021, the Seattle Kraken team of the National Hockey League will start playing in Seattle.

Seattle hosted the match of all the stars of the MLB twice: in 1979 at the Kingdome stadium and 2001 at the Seifko-field stadium. In the same year 2001, Seattle Mariners set a new record, winning 116 regular season games. Seattle twice hosted all NBA star matches, in 1974 at the Seattle Center Coliseum stadium and in 1987 in the Kingdome Hall.

In 2006, the NFL play-off series of the 2005/06 season took place at the Senchuri Link-field field. In 2008, in the first playoff series, the local Sihax team at home crushed Washington Redskins 35-14. The Major League Soccer team Seattle Saunders trains and holds its matches at the Senchuri Link-field stadium. Seattle boasts strong student sports teams. Among them are teams from Washington University and Seattle University, which are participating in the I NCAA Division.

Active holiday

Green Lake Park is popular with runners who have 4.3 km of tracks near the lake.

Seattle's mild sea climate allows locals to spend their outdoor time all year round. The most popular activities include hiking, cycling, hiking, skiing and snowboarding, kayak racing, mountaineering, motor-water and sailing, swimming and team sports. The city has a huge number of picturesque hiking places: Lake Green Lake, forests, cliffs and beaches of Discovery Park (the city's largest park with an area of 2.2 km²) in the Magnolia area, the coast of Myrtle Edwards Park, located on the central promenade, Lake Washington coastline at Seward Park, Alki Beach in West attle and Burke-Gilman Trail. For hikers and skiers, the Cascade or Olympic Mountains mountains attract visitors, and in the waters of Puget Sound, the Juan de Fuka and Strait of Georgia, you can arrange kayak or sail races. In 2005 Men's Fitness magazine awarded Seattle the title of the most sports city in the USA.

Along with the regional industry, Seattle is developing companies representing its latest industries, the Internet and new technologies, service industries, design and development of environmentally sound technologies. In 2010, the city's gross product was $231 billion, making Seattle the 12th largest city in the United States. Seattle's port, which also includes Seattle-Takoma Airport, is the main gateway for trade with Asia and the destination for cruises to Alaska, and is the eighth largest port in America in terms of cargo capacity. Despite the recent global crisis, Seattle has been able to retain a relatively strong economic position, and remains the site of new companies, especially in the clean-building and technology industry: the city was named America's "most sensible city," owing to urban government policies and the development of green industries. In February 2010, city governments committed to zero per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, making Seattle the first city in North America to have a zero-carbon balance.

However, in the sphere of business the leading positions are taken by large companies. According to the Fortune 500, released in 2008, the top American companies in terms of total revenue were three companies headquartered in Seattle: Amazon.com online store (No. 100), Starbucks global coffee and coffee stores (No. 241), and Nordstrom universal store (No. 270). The other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are located in the neighboring cities of the Puget Sound territory. Costco (No. 29), Washington's largest retailer, is located in Issaquah. Providence Health & Services is the largest healthcare organization and the fifth largest employer in the city of Renton. The main offices of Microsoft (No. 44) and the American division of Nintendo are located in Redmond. Weyerhaeuser (No. 147) was founded in Federal Way. And the city Bellevue is home to the automobile factory manufacturing trucks PACCAR (No. 169), as well as the main office of the subsidiary of T-Mobile US international mobile operator T-Mobile. In recent years, the city has gained a reputation as a coffee-consuming place, thanks to the coffee companies Starbucks, Seattle’s Best Coffee and Tully’s. The city also has a huge number of small traditional express cafes and caffeines.

Boeing (#27) was the region's largest company until its headquarters was relocated to Chicago. But the company's largest division is still located in Renton, as well as in Everett, where the main production facilities are located. So Boeing remains the region's largest private employer. In 1996, former Seattle Mayor Greg Nikels announced a desire to fuel a new economic boom through the biotechnology industry. The South Lake Union area is being reconstructed to attract new and well-known biotechnology companies to the city. Companies such as Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (currently part of the structure of Amgen), Trubion and ZymoGenetics are involved. The holding company of billionaire Paul Allen Vulcan Inc. is behind all major construction projects in the region. While many saw the new direction in the region as economically advantageous, others criticized Nikels and the Seattle City Council for aiding Paul Allen's interests with taxpayers’ money. In 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top ten municipalities in the country with a favorable climate for business expansion. In 2005, according to Forbes magazine, Seattle was the most expensive city to buy housing relative to the local income level. Alaska Airlines' headquarters are located in Sitak, near Seattle-Tacoma Airport, which is operated by the company.

Seattle-based major companies

• American Legend Cooperative, a fur auction
• Amazon.com is the world's largest online retailer
• aQuantive - online advertising company
• Boeing - Aircraft
• Starbucks is a coffee industry
• Valve is a computer game developer and distributor (Dota 2, Counter-Strike, Half-Life, Day of Defeat, Left 4 Dead, etc.)
• Kenworth is a manufacturer of trucks, buses and dump trucks
• Evergreen is a large logistics operator

According to the 2010 US census, Seattle had 608,660 inhabitants. The structure of Seattle's racial composition was as follows:

• white - 69.5%
• African Americans - 7.9%
• American Indians - 0.8%,
• Asians - 13.8%,
• Hawaiians - 0.4%,
• Hispanics - 6.6%,
• persons of other races - 2.4%

Historically, Seattle is dominated by a white population. According to the same data from 2010, the city was home to the largest number of whites in the country, but this percentage is constantly falling. In 1960, for example, the city had 91.6% whites, while by 2010 it had only 69.5%, compared to the national average of 73.4%. According to a 2006-2008 American Community Survey, about 78.9% of residents over the age of 5 at home speak only English. 4.5% speak Spanish, 3.9% speak various Indo-European languages and 10.2% of the city's population speak Asian languages. 2.5% of the population speaks other languages.

In Seattle, racial and ethnic diversity has steadily increased, with immigration growing by 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. According to a report by United States Census Bureau, in 2010, Seattle's postal code 98118 (in the Columbia City area) was recognized as the most multinational in the United States. The Chinese in Seattle come from mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. At the end of XIX and at the beginning of XX century, Chinese arrived in the city mainly from Guangdong province. Seattle also has about 55,000 Vietnamese and 30,000 Somali immigrants. Seattle-Tacoma is home to America's largest Cambodian community of about 19,000 people, and one of the largest Samoan communities (more than 15,000 people) in the continental US. According to the 2000 census, Seattle is ranked first among America's big cities, home to the largest percentage of people defining themselves as people of mixed racial origin.

As of 1999, the average income in the city was $45,736, while the average income per household was $62,195. The average income of men was $40,929, compared to $35,134 for women. Per capita income in the city was 30,306 dollars. About 11.8 per cent of the population and 6.9 per cent of families are below the poverty line, of which 13.8 per cent are under 18 years of age and 10.2 per cent are over 65 years of age.

Some 8,000 people spend their nights in the open air in King County every day, and most of them are in Seattle. In September 2005, King County approved a "10-year plan to address the problem of homeless people," the priority of which is to shift from funding shelter programs to funding permanent residence programs.

Seattle's population has been growing steadily in recent years, so the city's authorities are faced with the task of creating new housing. In 2006, after a sustained population increase of 4,000 per year over the past 16 years, local urban planners assumed that by 2040 the population of Seattle would grow by 200,000. Although former Mayor Greg Nikels supported plans to increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040, and developed housing programs, the city continued to adhere to legislation on functional zoning of individual homes per family. Later, the Seattle City Council voted to loosen restrictions on high-rise construction in much of the central districts, in part to increase population density in the city center. In 2009, the increase in the number of inhabitants in the city center to 60,000, which is 77 per cent more than in 1990, reflects the growth of urban agglomeration.

In Seattle, the number of homosexuals is constantly growing. In 2006, a study by UCLA found that the city had one of the highest per capita LGBT rates. With 12.9% of the population identifying itself as homosexuals, lesbians, bisexuals, and transsexuals, Seattle is second only to San Francisco, and not far ahead of cities like Atlanta and Minneapolis. Greater Seattle is the second largest agglomer with an LGBT population of 6.5%.

In addition, Seattle is home to a relatively large number of single people. According to the 2004 internal census, Seattle is the fifth most urban with more than 100,000 unmarried women and bachelors, with 40.8% nationwide.

The main governing body in Seattle is the municipal council headed by the mayor, whose activities are defined by its own document - the city charter. From 1911 to 2015, nine members of the municipality were elected by the city as a whole, not by geographical division. Since 2015, 2 members have been elected in city-wide format and seven on the basis of geographical division. The posts chosen are also the City Prosecutor and the Municipal Court judges. All other posts in city, district and state bodies are formally occupied by non-party bodies. As in much of the US, public administration and laws are based on a series of electoral legislative initiatives (citizens can pass or reject laws), referendums (citizens can approve or reject laws that have already been passed), and norms (certain authorities can propose new laws or tax increases directly for citizens).

Seattle City Hall, 2007

Seattle's political culture is dominated by liberal and progressive views, and there are few libertarian and leftist (Free Socialist Party) movements in the city.

It is one of America's most left-leaning and liberal (in the American sense of the word) cities, where in the 2004 presidential election around 80% of citizens supported the Democratic Party, and in only two constituencies in Broadmoor and Madison Park the majority cast their votes for Republican George Bush. Already in the 2008 presidential election, Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama won in all Seattle districts, including those where the Republican candidate won in 2004. Democrats have almost always won elections to the Washington State Legislature and the US Congress. In 2012, Trotskyist Kshama Savant, a member of the Socialist Alternative (Committee for Labor International) and a Occupy activist won the Seattle municipal council elections.

Seattle is one of North America's most politically progressive cities, where a large proportion of the population is pro-Democratic and supports the liberal ideas of same-sex marriage, reproductive health rights, and laws governing the sale and use of weapons, all largely taken for granted in local politics. As in much of Pacific Northwest (which has the lowest rate of people attending church in the United States and an ever-increasing number of atheists), factors such as church attendance, religious beliefs, and political influence of religious leaders are vastly weaker than elsewhere in the country.

An independent press thrives in Seattle, including the daily online Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Publicola and Crosscut, The Stranger (an independent weekly publication on the left) and a variety of specific publications including Worldchanging and Grist.org, the country's largest Internet environmental magazines. In July 2012, Seattle became the largest city in the state of Washington, where it banned the use of plastic bags for purchases.

At the federal level, Seattle belongs to the 7th constituency for the Washington State Congress elections. The representative of this site is a member of the Democratic Party Jim McDermott, one of the most liberal congressmen, elected in 1988.

53.8% of the city's population over the age of 25 (compared with the national average of 27.4%) have a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (compared to 84.5% for the country) have obtained a maturity certificate or equivalent. According to a US Census Bureau survey, the largest number of college and university graduates is in Seattle. In 2005 and 2006, Seattle was recognized as the city with the highest percentage of educated population, in 2007 it took second place, losing to Minneapolis, and in 2007 it took the second place In 2008, the two cities shared first place.

Washington Quad University in the spring

Seattle's public schools were desegregated without a court order, but educational institutions are still struggling to achieve equality of races in areas with different ethnic populations (the southern part of the city has more ethnic minorities than the northern part). In 2007, the process of narrowing the racial divide in Seattle was canceled by the US Supreme Court, but the forces in power provided an opportunity to continue the process using other types of criteria (e.g. income or socio-economic class).

Along with public schools, there are a small number of private schools, five of which are Catholic, one Lutheran and six non-religious.

Seattle is home to the Washington University and its educational and educational unit, whose main focus is vocational and supplementary training. In 2006, according to Newsweek magazine, Washington University ranked twenty-second among the world's best universities. Seattle also has a number of small private universities, including: Seattle University and Seattle Pacific University, both established by religious groups; Universities: Seattle City University and Antioch University, providing services to working adults; Public colleges: North Seattle College, Seattle Central College, and South Seattle College; a number of humanitarian colleges: Cornish College of Arts, Pratt Center of Fine Arts, and Seattle Institute of Arts. In 2001, Time Magazine named Seattle Central College the best local college, arguing that "in college, different students are encouraged to work as one team."

Health and Medicine

For special services in neurology and neurosurgery and ongoing medical research, the University of Washington regularly ranks among the top ten institutions in the country's field. Since Medic One was founded in 1970, the local emergency service has been developing and modernizing in Seattle. In 1974, a 60-minute American television program celebrated the success of the local emergency service and called Seattle "the best place in the world to experience a heart attack."

The city's three largest health centers are located in the First Hill area. The Harborview Medical Center State District Hospital is the only level-one trauma center that serves the states of Washington, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. Two other major health centers, Virginia Mason Medical Center and Swedish Medical Center, are located in the same area of the city. Because of this huge concentration of hospitals, the area was called "Pill Hill".

Seattle Children’s Hospital, formerly known as Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, is located in the Laurelhurst district and is a pediatric clinic for patients from the states of Washington, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center owns both buildings located in the Eastlake area and joint premises with the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and the University of Washington Medical Center. The University District is located in the University of Washington Medical Center, which, like the Harborview, belongs to the Washington University. Veterans Affairs Hospital is located in Beacon Hill, and Ballard has a third Swedish building, and Northwest Hospital and Medical Center is near Northgate Mall.

Transport

The Interstate 5 road runs through downtown Seattle.

The first trams appeared in Seattle in 1889 and played an important role in the formation of relatively clear boundaries of the city center and clear areas at the end of the transport routes. With the advent of cars, the railroad age has come to an end. The Tacoma-Seattle and Everett-Seattle routes ceased to exist in 1929 and 1939, respectively, and were replaced by a developed road network, which was filled with low-cost road transport. Rail routes were dismantled or paved, and after the opening of the trolleybus park in 1941, tram transport ceased to exist. This has led to the fact that the only public transport within the city and throughout the district is a large number of buses, first private and later municipal.

Central Link light rail train at Seattle Central Transit Tunnel near International District/Chinatown.

The King County Metro bus lines run through the city and the surrounding area. The South Lake Union Streetcar tram route connects the South Lake Union and Westlake Center area in the city center. These modes of transport are convenient because the stops are close to each other. Seattle is one of the few cities in North America with trolleybuses in its bus park. Sound Transit currently offers express buses within the city, two Sounder city lines connecting the suburbs to the center and the Central Link light rail line, which was opened in 2009 and connects the city center to Sea-Tac Airport . This allowed the establishment of a high-speed public transport line in Seattle with intersections in the city hall. The Washington State Ferries is the largest company in the United States and the third in the world that transports ferries. Its routes connect Seattle with the island of Bainbridge and Vashon Islands at PugetSound and with Bremerton and Southworth on the peninsula Kitsap.

According to a 2007 American Community Survey, 18.6% of Seattle residents use one of the three public transportation systems. Prior to the completion of the Sound Transit’s Central Link line, Seattle was among the leaders in the intensity of passenger urban transport among all major American cities without narrow-linear and wide-lane urban transport. Bert Sperling placed Seattle in fourth place among the most comfortable hiking cities in the United States. According to the Walk Score criterion, Seattle ranks sixth among the 50 big American cities.

Just south of Seattle, in the neighboring town of Sitak, is Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, called the local Sea-Tac Airport. It is part of Port of Seattle and provides regular commercial international air travel. Boeing Field Airport, which is closer to Seattle center, is used for civil aviation, cargo transportation, and as a test and refueling platform for Boeing airliners.

Nevertheless, the main mode of the transportation system is due to the location of the streets of Seattle, which are planned on the principle of a disconnected rectangular street grid directed to all sides of the world. The only exception is the streets of the central business district. The reason for this is that one of the first founders of Seattle Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted that their land plots should be coastal rather than compass. Only two high-speed (restricted-entry) highways, Interstate 5 and State Route 99, cross the entire city from north to south without interference. The State Route 99 runs through the city center via the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which was built in 1953. Due to the damage caused by the Nisqually earthquake in 2001, the viaduct was replaced by a tunnel worth $4.25 billion by 2015. Seattle is the 4th most congested city in the Americas and the 4th most congested city in North America. In addition, Seattle recorded the largest increase in road users among all North American cities in 2011-2012.

The city's residents are gradually moving away from the use of cars in favor of public transport. From 2004 to 2009, the annual number of urban transport trips increased by approximately 21 per cent. In 2006, the King County constituency supported Law 2 (currently the traffic law), which increased bus hours on the busiest routes and provided funds for the creation of five Bus Rapid Transit routes called RapidRide. After the rejection of the Road and Transportation Act in 2007, Seattle voters in 2008 passed only a transportation law, underpinning an increase in the number of ST Service express buses, the extension of the Link Light Rail line, and the upgrading of the Sounder urban electricity service. On December 19, 2009, the light rail line connecting the city center with Sea-Tac Airport airport began its operation. This allowed the establishment of the first high-speed public transport line in Seattle with intersections in the city hall. As of 2010, a new line line was under construction until Washington University, and until 2023 it is planned to build branches to Lynnwood in the north, Des Moines in the south, and Bellevue and Redmond in the east. Mayor Michael McGinn supported the construction of a light rail road from the center to Ballard and West Seattle.

Utilities

Water and electricity are municipal services and are supplied by Seattle Public Utilities and Seattle City Light, respectively. Other public utilities that support Seattle are: Puget Sound Energy; Seattle Steam Company; Waste Management, Inc and CleanScapes, Inc. (garbage collection and disposal); and Verizon Communications, Century Link, and Comcast (phone, Internet, and cable TV).

Below is a list of the sister cities of Seattle:

•    Japan : Kesennama and Kobe ports
•    Netherlands : port of Rotterdam

• Museum of History and Industry
• Ancient barrel shop
• Bacvis, Rachel
• Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Seattle

• Seattle City Official Website